This gene encodes a member of the rhomboid family of intramembrane serine proteases that is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein regulates mitochondrial remodeling and apoptosis through regulated substrate proteolysis. Proteolytic processing of the encoded protein results in the release of a small peptide, P-beta, which may transit to the nucleus. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Parkinson's disease. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PARL. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PARL upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PARL, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr3:183,635,238–183,637,215 | 249.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 923 | |
| chr3:183,697,518–183,698,578 | 187.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 787 | |
| chr3:183,824,588–183,826,123 | 59.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 467 | |
| chr3:183,883,494–183,884,017 | 1.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 83 | |
| chr3:183,884,110–183,885,311 | 52 bp | At TSS Multiome | 972 | |
| chr3:183,912,940–183,913,709 | 28.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 225 | |
| chr3:184,017,103–184,018,456 | 133.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 878 | |
| chr3:184,134,086–184,134,568 | 249.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 732 | |
| chr3:184,134,801–184,135,887 | 250.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 941 | |
| chr3:184,154,967–184,155,880 | 270.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 580 | |
| chr3:184,174,432–184,175,524 | 289.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 765 | |
| chr3:184,176,129–184,177,706 | 291.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 480 | |
| chr3:184,236,026–184,236,474 | 351.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 41 | |
| chr3:184,241,140–184,242,189 | 356.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 700 | |
| chr3:184,248,652–184,250,567 | 364.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 1061 | |
| chr3:184,259,723–184,260,497 | 375.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 318 |
Genomic view of the PARL locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.