Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that does not seem to have a counterpart in prokaryotic and fungal-mitochondrial ribosomes. This gene lies telomeric of and is transcribed in the opposite direction from the forkhead box L2 gene. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome Xq. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPS22. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPS22 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPS22, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr3:138,935,795–138,937,399 | 407.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 594 | |
| chr3:138,944,879–138,947,892 | 396.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 500 | |
| chr3:139,329,180–139,329,822 | 14.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 549 | |
| chr3:139,343,851–139,344,613 | 128 bp | At TSS Multiome | 725 | |
| chr3:139,354,058–139,354,226 | 9.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 123 | |
| chr3:139,389,189–139,390,485 | 45.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 865 | |
| chr3:139,539,215–139,540,395 | 195.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 408 |
Genomic view of the MRPS22 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.