Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein, a part of which was originally isolated by its ability to recognize tyrosinase in an HLA-A24-restricted fashion. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL28. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL28 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL28, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr16:71,378–73,062 | 299.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 639 | |
| chr16:77,240–78,636 | 292.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 685 | |
| chr16:138,551–139,186 | 231.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 674 | |
| chr16:164,983–166,147 | 205.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 234 | |
| chr16:180,313–181,713 | 189.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 994 | |
| chr16:228,869–229,598 | 141.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1035 | |
| chr16:234,152–235,669 | 135.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 908 | |
| chr16:351,804–354,436 | 17.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 654 | |
| chr16:370,431–370,782 | at TSS | At TSS | 539 | |
| chr16:378,999–379,813 | 8.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 225 | |
| chr16:380,836–382,614 | 11.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 634 | |
| chr16:383,438–384,218 | 13.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 342 | |
| chr16:396,893–397,640 | 27.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 496 | |
| chr16:401,380–402,199 | 31.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 818 | |
| chr16:424,888–426,136 | 55.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 752 | |
| chr16:483,333–484,000 | 113.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 143 | |
| chr16:526,749–528,601 | 157.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 811 | |
| chr16:569,530–570,338 | 199.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 492 | |
| chr16:578,896–579,353 | 208.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 511 | |
| chr16:588,593–590,724 | 219.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 853 | |
| chr16:635,900–638,127 | 265.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1021 | |
| chr16:641,491–643,007 | 271.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 856 | |
| chr16:648,795–649,829 | 278.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 862 | |
| chr16:660,457–661,656 | 290.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 456 | |
| chr16:667,633–668,442 | 297.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 838 |
Genomic view of the MRPL28 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.