MDK
midkine | FLJ27379, MK, NEGF2

This gene encodes a member of a small family of secreted growth factors that binds heparin and responds to retinoic acid. The encoded protein promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, in particular during tumorigenesis. This gene has been targeted as a therapeutic for a variety of different disorders. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

Member of: DE-1 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 111 terms
T cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002286)T cell activation involved in immune response (GO:0002286)adrenal gland development (GO:0030325)adrenal gland development (GO:0030325)behavioral fear response (GO:0001662)cell differentiation (GO:0030154)cell migration (GO:0016477)cerebellar granular layer development (GO:0021681)cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987)chondroitin sulfate binding (GO:0035374)chondroitin sulfate binding (GO:0035374)cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010)cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010)defecation (GO:0030421)dentate gyrus development (GO:0021542)estrous cycle (GO:0044849)estrous cycle (GO:0044849)extracellular matrix (GO:0031012)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)glial cell projection elongation (GO:0106091)glial cell projection elongation (GO:0106091)growth factor activity (GO:0008083)growth factor activity (GO:0008083)growth factor activity (GO:0008083)heparan sulfate binding (GO:1904399)heparin binding (GO:0008201)heparin binding (GO:0008201)hippocampus development (GO:0021766)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response (GO:0002232)leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response (GO:0002232)leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response (GO:0002232)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090)negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0010667)negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0010667)negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0010667)negative regulation of cell adhesion (GO:0007162)negative regulation of cell adhesion (GO:0007162)negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process (GO:1904036)negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process (GO:1904036)negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106015)negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106015)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of ossification (GO:0030279)negative regulation of ossification (GO:0030279)negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation (GO:0045590)nervous system development (GO:0007399)oogenesis (GO:0048477)oogenesis (GO:0048477)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of T cell differentiation (GO:0045582)positive regulation of T cell differentiation (GO:0045582)positive regulation of artery morphogenesis (GO:1905653)positive regulation of artery morphogenesis (GO:1905653)positive regulation of blood vessel branching (GO:1905555)positive regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061036)positive regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061036)positive regulation of cell adhesion (GO:0045785)positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335)positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718)positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation (GO:2000347)positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation (GO:2000347)positive regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050729)positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106016)positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding (GO:0106016)positive regulation of interleukin-12 production (GO:0032735)positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation (GO:0010838)positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell (GO:1904996)positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell (GO:1904996)positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion (GO:1903039)positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis (GO:0002690)positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis (GO:0002690)positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis (GO:0010759)positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis (GO:0010759)positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis (GO:0010759)positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000179)positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000179)positive regulation of neuron migration (GO:2001224)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of neuron projection development (GO:0010976)positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis (GO:0090023)positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis (GO:0090023)positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation (GO:2000391)positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation (GO:2000391)positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation (GO:0048714)positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation (GO:0048714)positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis (GO:0071673)positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900026)positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900026)positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation (GO:1905564)positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation (GO:1905564)protein binding (GO:0005515)regulation of behavior (GO:0050795)regulation of bone remodeling (GO:0046850)regulation of bone remodeling (GO:0046850)regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032330)regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032330)response to auditory stimulus (GO:0010996)response to auditory stimulus (GO:0010996)response to glucocorticoid (GO:0051384)response to hormone (GO:0009725)response to wounding (GO:0009611)response to wounding (GO:0009611)response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410)short-term memory (GO:0007614)signal transduction (GO:0007165)tissue regeneration (GO:0042246)tissue regeneration (GO:0042246)
Expression (TPM)
MDK — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating MDK 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MDK. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MDK upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to MDK

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MDK, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr11:46,120,416–46,122,472 260.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 758
chr11:46,238,964–46,239,736 142.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 559
chr11:46,242,857–46,244,010 138.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 900
chr11:46,277,351–46,278,874 103.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 343
chr11:46,294,934–46,295,998 86.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 533
chr11:46,296,747–46,297,460 84.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 415
chr11:46,338,698–46,339,679 42.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 393
chr11:46,346,987–46,348,092 34.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 586
chr11:46,352,002–46,352,557 29.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 306
chr11:46,379,120–46,383,444 2.0 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 930
chr11:46,388,459–46,390,750 7.2 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 593
chr11:46,391,139–46,393,221 11.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 965
chr11:46,407,311–46,408,466 26.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 157
chr11:46,554,280–46,555,184 173.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 531
chr11:46,593,562–46,594,345 212.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 845
chr11:46,616,855–46,618,064 235.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 823
chr11:46,664,502–46,665,016 283.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 126
chr11:46,674,791–46,675,556 293.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 308

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the MDK locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr11:46,110,416 – 46,685,556
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq