GRK2
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 | BARK1, ADRBK1

This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family of proteins. The encoded protein phosphorylates the beta-adrenergic receptor as well as a wide range of other substrates including non-GPCR cell surface receptors, and cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and transcription factor proteins. Data from rodent models supports a role for this gene in embryonic development, heart function and metabolism. Elevated expression of this gene has been observed in human patients with heart failure and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

Member of: DE-6 DE-6.2
Biological processes 57 terms
ATP binding (GO:0005524)Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding (GO:0031755)G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007213)G protein-coupled receptor binding (GO:0001664)G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity (GO:0004703)G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity (GO:0004703)G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity (GO:0004703)G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity (GO:0004703)G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity (GO:0004703)G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding (GO:0031694)beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity (GO:0047696)beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity (GO:0047696)beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity (GO:0047696)cardiac muscle contraction (GO:0060048)cilium (GO:0005929)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0032473)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002029)desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002029)desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002029)desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002029)desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0002029)intraciliary retrograde transport (GO:0035721)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)membrane (GO:0016020)negative regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane (GO:1903568)negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle (GO:1901081)negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle (GO:1901081)negative regulation of striated muscle contraction (GO:0045988)negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal (GO:0003108)non-motile cilium membrane (GO:0098804)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of catecholamine secretion (GO:0033605)positive regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport (GO:1905801)positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0045880)positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0045880)postsynapse (GO:0098794)presynapse (GO:0098793)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein kinase activity (GO:0004672)protein kinase activity (GO:0004672)protein kinase activity (GO:0004672)protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004674)receptor internalization (GO:0031623)receptor internalization (GO:0031623)regulation of the force of heart contraction (GO:0002026)signal transduction (GO:0007165)symbiont entry into host cell (GO:0046718)tachykinin receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007217)viral genome replication (GO:0019079)
Expression (TPM)
GRK2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating GRK2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GRK2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GRK2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to GRK2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GRK2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr11:67,023,002–67,023,688 243.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 243
chr11:67,056,596–67,057,312 209.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 382
chr11:67,071,470–67,071,999 194.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 302
chr11:67,117,553–67,120,314 147.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 762
chr11:67,239,493–67,240,241 26.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 792
chr11:67,261,441–67,261,842 4.6 kb Proximal (<10kb) 215
chr11:67,262,747–67,262,973 3.5 kb Proximal (<10kb) 452
chr11:67,265,898–67,267,077 16 bp At TSS Multiome 471
chr11:67,288,260–67,289,971 22.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 985
chr11:67,302,488–67,304,170 36.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 661
chr11:67,316,992–67,318,501 51.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 918
chr11:67,352,967–67,354,228 87.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 781
chr11:67,372,171–67,373,596 106.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 497
chr11:67,391,276–67,392,428 125.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 957
chr11:67,401,038–67,402,351 135.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 741
chr11:67,420,418–67,421,666 154.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 648
chr11:67,428,036–67,428,950 161.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 813
chr11:67,443,182–67,444,063 177.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 612
chr11:67,464,410–67,465,252 198.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 710
chr11:67,468,551–67,469,666 202.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 774
chr11:67,482,830–67,483,745 216.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 969
chr11:67,504,073–67,506,408 239.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 769
chr11:67,507,504–67,509,030 241.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 897

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the GRK2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr11:67,013,002 – 67,519,030
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq
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