The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with either GRHL1 or GRHL3. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
Modules significantly affected by knockdown. ↑ Up = module upregulated upon KD; ↓ Down = module downregulated upon KD.
| Cluster | Dir | NES | padj | Bind | OR | padj (bind) |
|---|
| Module | Dir | NES | #gRNA | padj | Bind | OR | padj (bind) |
|---|
| Submodule | Module | Dir | NES | #gRNA | Bind | OR | padj (bind) |
|---|
Genes likely regulated by GRHL2 through linked binding evidence in open chromatin. The chart ranks TF-linked genes by their mean Perturb-seq response to GRHL2 knockdown, with negative coefficients indicating downregulation and positive coefficients indicating upregulation upon knockdown.
Open chromatin elements (ATAC-seq) where GRHL2 has ChIP-seq or motif footprint binding evidence and which are linked to at least one target gene region.
| Element | Size | Linked genes |
|---|
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GRHL2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GRHL2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GRHL2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr8:101,204,668–101,206,670 | 286.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1036 | |
| chr8:101,409,180–101,410,550 | 82.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 211 | |
| chr8:101,437,099–101,437,572 | 55.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 336 | |
| chr8:101,491,954–101,492,859 | 107 bp | At TSS Multiome | 341 | |
| chr8:101,493,007–101,494,548 | 1.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 334 | |
| chr8:101,501,153–101,501,741 | 8.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 308 |
Genomic view of the GRHL2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.