The hepatotrophic factor designated augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is thought to be one of the factors responsible for the extraordinary regenerative capacity of mammalian liver. It has also been called hepatic regenerative stimulation substance (HSS). The gene resides on chromosome 16 in the interval containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD1). The putative gene product is 42% similar to the scERV1 protein of yeast. The yeast scERV1 gene had been found to be essential for oxidative phosphorylation, the maintenance of mitochondrial genomes, and the cell division cycle. The human gene is both the structural and functional homolog of the yeast scERV1 gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GFER. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GFER upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GFER, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr16:1,705,380–1,706,702 | 278.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 933 | |
| chr16:1,763,511–1,764,353 | 220.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 261 | |
| chr16:1,770,847–1,771,973 | 212.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 485 | |
| chr16:1,772,565–1,774,049 | 210.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 956 | |
| chr16:1,781,749–1,783,420 | 201.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 761 | |
| chr16:1,826,102–1,827,535 | 157.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1006 | |
| chr16:1,918,171–1,918,773 | 65.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 129 | |
| chr16:1,929,283–1,930,271 | 54.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 780 | |
| chr16:1,942,671–1,943,761 | 40.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 750 | |
| chr16:1,958,923–1,960,140 | 24.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 826 | |
| chr16:1,964,300–1,965,434 | 19.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 933 | |
| chr16:1,971,481–1,972,435 | 12.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1010 | |
| chr16:1,979,111–1,980,324 | 4.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 296 | |
| chr16:1,983,450–1,984,851 | 237 bp | At TSS Multiome | 917 | |
| chr16:1,989,307–1,993,568 | 8.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 706 | |
| chr16:2,003,882–2,004,348 | 19.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 619 | |
| chr16:2,009,742–2,010,504 | 25.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 752 | |
| chr16:2,022,700–2,023,923 | 39.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 682 | |
| chr16:2,026,629–2,027,149 | 42.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 249 | |
| chr16:2,047,366–2,048,252 | 63.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 875 | |
| chr16:2,090,476–2,092,232 | 107.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 344 | |
| chr16:2,135,536–2,136,505 | 151.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 263 | |
| chr16:2,147,864–2,149,260 | 164.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 679 | |
| chr16:2,149,550–2,152,180 | 166.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 618 | |
| chr16:2,152,861–2,153,999 | 169.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 734 | |
| chr16:2,154,834–2,156,329 | 171.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 932 | |
| chr16:2,178,140–2,179,722 | 194.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 318 | |
| chr16:2,205,129–2,206,297 | 221.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 887 | |
| chr16:2,214,212–2,215,803 | 230.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 953 | |
| chr16:2,223,095–2,224,285 | 239.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 918 | |
| chr16:2,251,044–2,252,460 | 267.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 996 | |
| chr16:2,267,625–2,269,111 | 284.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1044 |
Genomic view of the GFER locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.