FMR1
fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 | FMRP, FRAXA, MGC87458, POF, POF1

The protein encoded by this gene binds RNA and is associated with polysomes. The encoded protein may be involved in mRNA trafficking from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A trinucleotide repeat (CGG) in the 5' UTR is normally found at 6-53 copies, but an expansion to 55-230 repeats is the cause of fragile X syndrome. Expansion of the trinucleotide repeat may also cause one form of premature ovarian failure (POF1). Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms and which are located in different cellular locations have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Member of: DE-5
Biological processes 160 terms
Cajal body (GO:0015030)Cajal body (GO:0015030)DNA repair (GO:0006281)DNA repair (GO:0006281)G-quadruplex RNA binding (GO:0002151)G-quadruplex RNA binding (GO:0002151)N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity (GO:1990247)N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity (GO:1990247)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA binding (GO:0003723)RNA stem-loop binding (GO:0035613)RNA strand annealing activity (GO:0033592)SMN complex (GO:0032797)animal organ development (GO:0048513)axon (GO:0030424)axon (GO:0030424)axon terminus (GO:0043679)cell projection (GO:0042995)cellular response to virus (GO:0098586)chromatin binding (GO:0003682)chromatin organization (GO:0006325)chromocenter (GO:0010369)chromosome (GO:0005694)chromosome (GO:0005694)chromosome, centromeric region (GO:0000775)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0036464)cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0036464)cytoplasmic stress granule (GO:0010494)cytoplasmic stress granule (GO:0010494)cytoplasmic stress granule (GO:0010494)cytoplasmic stress granule (GO:0010494)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)dendrite (GO:0030425)dendrite (GO:0030425)dendritic filopodium (GO:1902737)dendritic spine (GO:0043197)dendritic spine (GO:0043197)dynein complex binding (GO:0070840)excitatory synapse (GO:0060076)filopodium tip (GO:0032433)filopodium tip (GO:0032433)glial cell projection (GO:0097386)glutamate receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007215)growth cone (GO:0030426)growth cone (GO:0030426)growth cone filopodium (GO:1990812)histone H3 reader activity (GO:0140006)host-mediated perturbation of viral RNA genome replication (GO:0044830)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)intracellular membraneless organelle (GO:0043232)mRNA 3'-UTR binding (GO:0003730)mRNA 3'-UTR binding (GO:0003730)mRNA 3'-UTR binding (GO:0003730)mRNA 5'-UTR binding (GO:0048027)mRNA binding (GO:0003729)mRNA binding (GO:0003729)mRNA binding (GO:0003729)mRNA export from nucleus (GO:0006406)mRNA export from nucleus (GO:0006406)mRNA transport (GO:0051028)mRNA transport (GO:0051028)membrane (GO:0016020)membraneless organelle assembly (GO:0140694)miRNA binding (GO:0035198)miRNA binding (GO:0035198)microtubule binding (GO:0008017)molecular condensate scaffold activity (GO:0140693)molecular condensate scaffold activity (GO:0140693)molecular condensate scaffold activity (GO:0140693)negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation (GO:2000766)negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression (GO:1900453)negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing (GO:0060965)negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (GO:2000301)negative regulation of translation (GO:0017148)negative regulation of translation (GO:0017148)negative regulation of translational initiation (GO:0045947)negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity (GO:1901386)neuron projection (GO:0043005)neuron projection (GO:0043005)neuron projection (GO:0043005)neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0071598)neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0071598)neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule (GO:0071598)nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)perikaryon (GO:0043204)perikaryon (GO:0043204)perikaryon (GO:0043204)perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)poly(G) binding (GO:0034046)poly(U) RNA binding (GO:0008266)positive regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051130)positive regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0060999)positive regulation of filopodium assembly (GO:0051491)positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material (GO:1901254)positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity (GO:0048170)positive regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing (GO:2000637)positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:1901800)positive regulation of receptor internalization (GO:0002092)positive regulation of translation (GO:0045727)positive regulation of translation (GO:0045727)positive regulation of translation (GO:0045727)postsynapse (GO:0098794)postsynaptic density (GO:0014069)postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211)presynapse (GO:0098793)presynaptic membrane (GO:0042734)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein heterodimerization activity (GO:0046982)protein heterodimerization activity (GO:0046982)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877)regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome (GO:0000381)regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome (GO:0000381)regulation of cell communication (GO:0010646)regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0060998)regulation of dendritic spine development (GO:0060998)regulation of filopodium assembly (GO:0051489)regulation of filopodium assembly (GO:0051489)regulation of mRNA metabolic process (GO:1903311)regulation of mRNA stability (GO:0043488)regulation of mRNA stability (GO:0043488)regulation of neuronal action potential (GO:0098908)regulation of neurotransmitter secretion (GO:0046928)regulation of translation (GO:0006417)regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission (GO:0099577)ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)ribosome binding (GO:0043022)sequence-specific mRNA binding (GO:1990825)siRNA binding (GO:0035197)signaling adaptor activity (GO:0035591)stress granule assembly (GO:0034063)synapse (GO:0045202)synapse (GO:0045202)translation initiation factor binding (GO:0031369)translation regulator activity (GO:0045182)translation repressor activity (GO:0030371)translation repressor activity (GO:0030371)transmembrane transporter binding (GO:0044325)
Expression (TPM)
FMR1 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating FMR1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for FMR1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = FMR1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to FMR1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of FMR1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chrX:147,902,214–147,902,417 9.7 kb Proximal (<10kb) 6
chrX:147,911,262–147,912,822 287 bp At TSS Multiome 688
chrX:149,504,975–149,505,689 1593.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 530

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the FMR1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chrX:147,892,214 – 149,515,689
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq