This gene encodes coagulation factor XII which circulates in blood as a zymogen. This single chain zymogen is converted to a two-chain serine protease with an heavy chain (alpha-factor XIIa) and a light chain. The heavy chain contains two fibronectin-type domains, two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, a kringle domain and a proline-rich domain, whereas the light chain contains only a catalytic domain. On activation, further cleavages takes place in the heavy chain, resulting in the production of beta-factor XIIa light chain and the alpha-factor XIIa light chain becomes beta-factor XIIa heavy chain. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII to form kallikrein, which then cleaves factor XII first to alpha-factor XIIa and then to beta-factor XIIa. The active factor XIIa participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. It activates coagulation factors VII and XI. Defects in this gene do not cause any clinical symptoms and the sole effect is that whole-blood clotting time is prolonged. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for F12. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = F12 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of F12, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr5:177,116,759–177,117,326 | 287.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 369 | |
| chr5:177,131,498–177,134,721 | 270.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 724 | |
| chr5:177,303,008–177,304,238 | 100.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 850 | |
| chr5:177,309,549–177,310,172 | 94.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 373 | |
| chr5:177,311,267–177,313,178 | 92.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 798 | |
| chr5:177,351,374–177,352,243 | 52.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 832 | |
| chr5:177,362,756–177,363,624 | 41.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 479 | |
| chr5:177,366,082–177,368,548 | 37.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 626 | |
| chr5:177,370,255–177,371,449 | 33.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 584 | |
| chr5:177,394,330–177,394,649 | 9.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 21 | |
| chr5:177,402,327–177,404,671 | 1.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 807 | |
| chr5:177,425,334–177,427,296 | 22.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 982 | |
| chr5:177,446,196–177,448,203 | 42.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 826 | |
| chr5:177,453,910–177,456,838 | 51.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1057 | |
| chr5:177,457,280–177,458,365 | 53.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 321 | |
| chr5:177,472,252–177,474,487 | 69.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 546 | |
| chr5:177,491,301–177,491,987 | 87.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 522 | |
| chr5:177,494,661–177,498,477 | 92.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 915 | |
| chr5:177,500,863–177,501,460 | 96.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 378 | |
| chr5:177,516,515–177,517,551 | 112.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 958 | |
| chr5:177,553,719–177,554,931 | 150.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 671 | |
| chr5:177,591,993–177,592,765 | 187.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 724 | |
| chr5:177,599,409–177,600,500 | 195.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 871 | |
| chr5:177,607,310–177,608,120 | 203.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 392 |
Genomic view of the F12 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.