DR1 Transcription Factor
down-regulator of transcription 1 | NC2-BETA, NC2B, NCB2

This gene encodes a TBP- (TATA box-binding protein) associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription. The encoded protein is phosphorylated in vivo and this phosphorylation affects its interaction with TBP. This protein contains a histone fold motif at the amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a glutamine- and alanine-rich region. The binding of DR1 repressor complexes to TBP-promoter complexes may establish a mechanism in which an altered DNA conformation, together with the formation of higher order complexes, inhibits the assembly of the preinitiation complex and controls the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Member of: DE-6
Biological processes 32 terms
ATAC complex (GO:0140672)ATAC complex (GO:0140672)RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity (GO:0016251)RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity (GO:0016251)RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123)RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575)TBP-class protein binding (GO:0017025)TBP-class protein binding (GO:0017025)TBP-class protein binding (GO:0017025)general transcription initiation factor activity (GO:0140223)mitotic spindle (GO:0072686)negative cofactor 2 complex (GO:0017054)negative cofactor 2 complex (GO:0017054)negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0017055)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein heterodimerization activity (GO:0046982)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726)regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726)regulation of cell division (GO:0051302)regulation of cell division (GO:0051302)regulation of embryonic development (GO:0045995)regulation of embryonic development (GO:0045995)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)regulation of tubulin deacetylation (GO:0090043)
Expression (TPM)
DR1 — as a Regulator

Modules regulated by DR1

Modules significantly affected by knockdown. ↑ Up = module upregulated upon KD; ↓ Down = module downregulated upon KD.

Evidence: Direction:
Perturbation + Binding
Perturbation only
Binding only
Cluster Dir NES padj Bind OR padj (bind)
Evidence: Direction:
Perturbation + Binding
Perturbation only
Binding only
Module Dir NES #gRNA padj Bind OR padj (bind)
Evidence: Direction: Max shown:
Perturbation + Binding
Perturbation only
Binding only
Submodule Module Dir NES #gRNA Bind OR padj (bind)

Genes regulated by DR1

Genes likely regulated by DR1 through linked binding evidence in open chromatin. The chart ranks TF-linked genes by their mean Perturb-seq response to DR1 knockdown, with negative coefficients indicating downregulation and positive coefficients indicating upregulation upon knockdown.

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Regulatory Elements bound by the TF

Open chromatin elements (ATAC-seq) where DR1 has ChIP-seq or motif footprint binding evidence and which are linked to at least one target gene region.

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DR1 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating DR1 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for DR1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = DR1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to DR1

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of DR1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr1:93,078,561–93,080,172 266.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1219
chr1:93,179,586–93,181,175 165.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1019
chr1:93,345,396–93,346,457 85 bp At TSS Multiome 1003
chr1:93,447,560–93,449,029 102.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 726
chr1:93,474,058–93,474,810 128.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 63
chr1:93,484,155–93,485,250 138.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 146
chr1:93,622,085–93,622,775 276.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 282
chr1:93,820,560–93,821,453 475.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 160
chr1:93,845,985–93,846,892 500.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 732
chr1:93,846,995–93,848,315 501.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 954
chr1:93,878,726–93,879,400 533.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR 851

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the DR1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr1:93,068,561 – 93,889,400
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq