This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for DDIT3. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = DDIT3 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of DDIT3, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:57,224,526–57,225,152 | 295.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 267 | |
| chr12:57,225,987–57,227,617 | 293.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 236 | |
| chr12:57,229,358–57,230,407 | 290.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 739 | |
| chr12:57,237,805–57,241,749 | 281.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 846 | |
| chr12:57,242,371–57,244,402 | 276.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 596 | |
| chr12:57,270,778–57,271,413 | 249.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 155 | |
| chr12:57,272,508–57,273,156 | 247.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 98 | |
| chr12:57,377,252–57,378,039 | 142.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 170 | |
| chr12:57,430,384–57,431,415 | 89.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 879 | |
| chr12:57,454,516–57,456,639 | 64.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 841 | |
| chr12:57,458,743–57,463,318 | 59.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 994 | |
| chr12:57,475,229–57,476,151 | 45.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 194 | |
| chr12:57,487,577–57,488,336 | 32.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 784 | |
| chr12:57,519,488–57,521,440 | 165 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1029 | |
| chr12:57,521,541–57,523,658 | 2.2 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 960 | |
| chr12:57,546,771–57,547,419 | 26.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 623 | |
| chr12:57,549,654–57,550,343 | 29.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 366 | |
| chr12:57,583,383–57,583,948 | 63.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 353 | |
| chr12:57,590,813–57,591,877 | 70.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 738 | |
| chr12:57,610,841–57,611,876 | 90.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 558 | |
| chr12:57,621,603–57,622,199 | 101.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 446 | |
| chr12:57,631,837–57,633,369 | 112.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 706 | |
| chr12:57,693,486–57,694,647 | 173.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 757 | |
| chr12:57,726,079–57,726,879 | 205.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 597 | |
| chr12:57,744,434–57,745,735 | 224.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 822 | |
| chr12:57,751,806–57,753,147 | 232.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1030 | |
| chr12:57,754,455–57,756,188 | 234.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 616 | |
| chr12:57,765,020–57,765,720 | 244.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 472 | |
| chr12:57,766,452–57,767,514 | 246.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 330 | |
| chr12:57,771,528–57,773,018 | 251.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1006 | |
| chr12:57,782,579–57,783,204 | 262.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 916 |
Genomic view of the DDIT3 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.