The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and functions as a regulatory subunit of the complex, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. Mutations in this gene are associated with megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3 (MPPH3). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CCND2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CCND2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CCND2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr12:3,872,846–3,873,625 | 400.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 538 | |
| chr12:4,024,691–4,026,063 | 248.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 356 | |
| chr12:4,030,924–4,031,732 | 242.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 478 | |
| chr12:4,164,558–4,165,200 | 109.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 242 | |
| chr12:4,268,849–4,270,098 | 4.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 487 | |
| chr12:4,270,854–4,273,281 | 1.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 648 | |
| chr12:4,273,341–4,274,316 | 19 bp | At TSS Multiome | 459 | |
| chr12:4,276,737–4,277,243 | 3.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 453 | |
| chr12:4,307,615–4,308,315 | 34.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 391 | |
| chr12:4,320,509–4,321,663 | 47.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 743 | |
| chr12:4,441,229–4,442,210 | 168.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 241 | |
| chr12:4,538,204–4,539,165 | 265.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 740 | |
| chr12:4,562,041–4,562,555 | 288.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 486 | |
| chr12:6,199,391–6,201,130 | 1926.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 481 |
Genomic view of the CCND2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.