CCL2
C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 | GDCF-2, HC11, MCAF, MCP-1, MCP1, MGC9434, SMC-CF, SCYA2

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Member of: DE-4 DE-4.23 Developmental clusters: GC7
Biological processes 72 terms
CCR chemokine receptor binding (GO:0048020)CCR2 chemokine receptor binding (GO:0031727)CCR2 chemokine receptor binding (GO:0031727)G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007187)angiogenesis (GO:0001525)animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887)antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide (GO:0061844)astrocyte cell migration (GO:0043615)cell adhesion (GO:0007155)cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166)cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT (GO:0007259)cellular homeostasis (GO:0019725)cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus (GO:0044344)cellular response to interleukin-1 (GO:0071347)cellular response to interleukin-1 (GO:0071347)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (GO:0071356)cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (GO:0071356)cellular response to type II interferon (GO:0071346)cellular response to type II interferon (GO:0071346)chemoattractant activity (GO:0042056)chemoattractant activity (GO:0042056)chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway (GO:0038148)chemokine activity (GO:0008009)chemokine activity (GO:0008009)chemokine activity (GO:0008009)chemokine activity (GO:0008009)chemokine receptor binding (GO:0042379)chemokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0070098)chemokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0070098)chemotaxis (GO:0006935)cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221)cytoskeleton organization (GO:0007010)eosinophil chemotaxis (GO:0048245)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)helper T cell extravasation (GO:0035684)humoral immune response (GO:0006959)immune response (GO:0006955)inflammatory response (GO:0006954)macrophage chemotaxis (GO:0048246)membrane (GO:0016020)monocyte chemotaxis (GO:0002548)negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle (GO:2000134)negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process (GO:0034351)negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis (GO:2000502)negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043524)negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation (GO:1905563)positive chemotaxis (GO:0050918)positive regulation of T cell activation (GO:0050870)positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance (GO:2000427)positive regulation of calcium ion import (GO:0090280)positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335)positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration (GO:0007204)positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process (GO:2000353)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway (GO:1900451)positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis (GO:0010759)positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic (GO:0051968)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein kinase activity (GO:0004672)protein phosphorylation (GO:0006468)regulation of cell shape (GO:0008360)response to bacterium (GO:0009617)sensory perception of pain (GO:0019233)signal transduction (GO:0007165)signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102)viral genome replication (GO:0019079)
Expression (TPM)
CCL2 — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating CCL2 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CCL2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CCL2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to CCL2

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CCL2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr17:34,234,023–34,235,018 20.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 70
chr17:34,250,926–34,251,474 4.1 kb Proximal (<10kb) Multiome 18
chr17:34,255,085–34,255,514 at TSS At TSS 206

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the CCL2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr17:34,224,023 – 34,265,514
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq