Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and proximal renal tubules. Its exact function is not known; however, it may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for CA4. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = CA4 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of CA4, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr17:59,892,295–59,893,854 | 256.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 992 | |
| chr17:59,964,460–59,965,228 | 185.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 834 | |
| chr17:60,037,145–60,037,598 | 112.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 592 | |
| chr17:60,078,377–60,079,189 | 71.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 765 | |
| chr17:60,135,208–60,135,905 | 14.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 832 | |
| chr17:60,139,659–60,140,250 | 9.7 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 847 | |
| chr17:60,142,132–60,142,546 | 7.7 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 250 | |
| chr17:60,142,949–60,143,382 | 6.9 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 395 | |
| chr17:60,149,758–60,150,140 | at TSS | At TSS | 161 | |
| chr17:60,327,303–60,327,917 | 177.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 115 | |
| chr17:60,384,860–60,385,543 | 235.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 76 | |
| chr17:60,391,203–60,392,936 | 242.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 1085 | |
| chr17:60,421,283–60,422,169 | 271.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 479 | |
| chr17:60,599,336–60,601,434 | 450.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 1120 |
Genomic view of the CA4 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.