AR
androgen receptor | AIS, HUMARA, NR3C4, SMAX1, DHTR, SBMA

The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract from the normal 9-34 repeats to the pathogenic 38-62 repeats causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017]

Developmental clusters: GC4
Biological processes 89 terms
ATPase binding (GO:0051117)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)POU domain binding (GO:0070974)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000979)RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding (GO:0001091)RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977)RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629)androgen binding (GO:0005497)androgen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030521)androgen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030521)androgen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030521)androgen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030521)androgen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030521)beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013)beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013)beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013)cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267)cellular response to estrogen stimulus (GO:0071391)cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus (GO:0071383)cellular response to testosterone stimulus (GO:0071394)cellular response to testosterone stimulus (GO:0071394)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin binding (GO:0003682)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)estrogen receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030520)estrogen response element binding (GO:0034056)intracellular receptor signaling pathway (GO:0030522)male gonad development (GO:0008584)membraneless organelle assembly (GO:0140694)molecular adaptor activity (GO:0060090)molecular condensate scaffold activity (GO:0140693)negative regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008285)negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001237)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear receptor activity (GO:0004879)nuclear speck (GO:0016607)nuclear steroid receptor activity (GO:0003707)nuclear steroid receptor activity (GO:0003707)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045597)positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process (GO:0045726)positive regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902895)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III (GO:0045945)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane (GO:1903076)response to testosterone (GO:0033574)response to testosterone (GO:0033574)sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565)sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837)signal transduction (GO:0007165)signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102)spermatogenesis (GO:0007283)steroid binding (GO:0005496)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription coactivator binding (GO:0001223)transcription coactivator binding (GO:0001223)zinc ion binding (GO:0008270)
Expression (TPM)
AR — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating AR 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for AR. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = AR upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to AR

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of AR, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chrX:67,543,457–67,544,708 1 bp At TSS Multiome 211
chrX:67,544,991–67,547,284 971 bp At TSS 153

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the AR locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chrX:67,533,457 – 67,557,284
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq