Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed in many tissues, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. It is thought to play a role in nonshivering thermogenesis, obesity and diabetes. Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for UCP2. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = UCP2 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of UCP2, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr11:73,760,242–73,761,712 | 221.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 842 | |
| chr11:73,779,162–73,780,136 | 203.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 920 | |
| chr11:73,787,771–73,788,337 | 194.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1000 | |
| chr11:73,876,432–73,877,378 | 105.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 911 | |
| chr11:73,980,119–73,980,448 | 2.4 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 251 | |
| chr11:73,982,330–73,983,905 | 410 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1122 | |
| chr11:74,170,498–74,171,610 | 188.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 881 |
Genomic view of the UCP2 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.