RELA
RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit | p65, NFKB3

NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

Biological processes 166 terms
DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA binding (GO:0003677)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981)DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297)DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227)DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227)DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006351)NF-kappaB binding (GO:0051059)NF-kappaB complex (GO:0071159)NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex (GO:0035525)NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex (GO:0035525)NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex (GO:0035525)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978)RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000979)RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977)RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977)actinin binding (GO:0042805)actinin binding (GO:0042805)ankyrin repeat binding (GO:0071532)antiviral innate immune response (GO:0140374)cGAS/STING signaling pathway (GO:0140896)canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249)canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249)canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249)canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249)canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249)cellular defense response (GO:0006968)cellular response to angiotensin (GO:1904385)cellular response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0070301)cellular response to interleukin-1 (GO:0071347)cellular response to interleukin-6 (GO:0071354)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0071222)cellular response to lipoteichoic acid (GO:0071223)cellular response to nicotine (GO:0071316)cellular response to peptidoglycan (GO:0071224)cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (GO:0071356)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin (GO:0000785)chromatin DNA binding (GO:0031490)chromatin binding (GO:0003682)chromatin binding (GO:0003682)chromatin organization (GO:0006325)cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)defense response to tumor cell (GO:0002357)defense response to virus (GO:0051607)enzyme binding (GO:0019899)general transcription initiation factor binding (GO:0140296)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978)histone deacetylase binding (GO:0042826)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)identical protein binding (GO:0042802)inflammatory response (GO:0006954)inflammatory response (GO:0006954)innate immune response (GO:0045087)interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0070498)intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)liver development (GO:0001889)negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)negative regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0016525)negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066)negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043066)negative regulation of cytokine production (GO:0001818)negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response (GO:1900016)negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001237)negative regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902894)negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:1901223)negative regulation of protein sumoylation (GO:0033234)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122)neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218)non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0038061)non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0038061)nucleolus (GO:0005730)nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway (GO:0070431)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)nucleus (GO:0005634)peptide binding (GO:0042277)phosphate ion binding (GO:0042301)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893)positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation (GO:1902004)positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123)positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0043123)positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284)positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response (GO:1900017)positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628)positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production (GO:0032731)positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755)positive regulation of interleukin-6 production (GO:0032755)positive regulation of interleukin-8 production (GO:0032757)positive regulation of interleukin-8 production (GO:0032757)positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell (GO:1904996)positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process (GO:2000630)positive regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902895)positive regulation of miRNA transcription (GO:1902895)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production (GO:0010575)postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway (GO:0099527)postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway (GO:0099527)prolactin signaling pathway (GO:0038161)protein binding (GO:0005515)protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)protein kinase binding (GO:0019901)regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050727)regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050727)regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)response to UV-B (GO:0010224)response to cytokine (GO:0034097)response to interleukin-1 (GO:0070555)sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565)toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway (GO:0034142)toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway (GO:0038124)transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976)transcription coactivator activity (GO:0003713)transcription coactivator binding (GO:0001223)transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667)tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0033209)tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0033209)tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0033209)ubiquitin protein ligase binding (GO:0031625)vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway (GO:0038084)
Expression (TPM)
RELA — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating RELA 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for RELA. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = RELA upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to RELA

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of RELA, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr11:65,366,306–65,366,977 296.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 309
chr11:65,381,835–65,382,758 280.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 984
chr11:65,386,320–65,387,097 276.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 757
chr11:65,416,383–65,417,015 246.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 664
chr11:65,417,855–65,419,687 243.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1018
chr11:65,421,858–65,423,533 240.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1197
chr11:65,454,735–65,455,360 207.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 573
chr11:65,477,100–65,477,990 185.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 991
chr11:65,487,451–65,488,490 175.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 706
chr11:65,496,515–65,498,726 165.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1059
chr11:65,506,702–65,508,865 155.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 864
chr11:65,524,475–65,525,724 138.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 711
chr11:65,538,923–65,541,339 122.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 733
chr11:65,546,285–65,547,091 116.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 529
chr11:65,553,318–65,554,003 109.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 195
chr11:65,569,718–65,570,745 92.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 930
chr11:65,571,973–65,573,008 90.5 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 420
chr11:65,573,788–65,575,269 88.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 742
chr11:65,575,601–65,576,322 87.0 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 527
chr11:65,591,808–65,592,698 70.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 169
chr11:65,606,536–65,607,917 55.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 376
chr11:65,613,478–65,614,645 48.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 702
chr11:65,614,954–65,616,793 47.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 830
chr11:65,637,768–65,638,920 24.9 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 740
chr11:65,641,918–65,642,633 20.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 155
chr11:65,646,814–65,647,818 15.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 270
chr11:65,652,106–65,653,317 10.2 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 901
chr11:65,662,517–65,663,930 83 bp At TSS Multiome 839
chr11:65,711,437–65,712,942 49.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1143
chr11:65,720,215–65,720,955 57.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 821
chr11:65,779,808–65,781,988 117.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 764
chr11:65,785,898–65,789,101 125.4 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 478
chr11:65,817,968–65,818,502 155.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 694
chr11:65,833,325–65,834,189 170.8 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 396
chr11:65,856,804–65,858,748 194.1 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 972
chr11:65,859,034–65,861,240 197.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 1012
chr11:65,871,920–65,874,072 210.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 741
chr11:65,887,987–65,889,162 225.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 824
chr11:65,890,253–65,891,457 227.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 895
chr11:65,899,867–65,900,779 237.6 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 740
chr11:65,918,507–65,920,266 256.3 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 992
chr11:65,961,271–65,962,172 298.7 kb Distal (>10kb) Multiome 834

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the RELA locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr11:65,356,306 – 65,972,172
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq