The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]
Modules significantly affected by knockdown. ↑ Up = module upregulated upon KD; ↓ Down = module downregulated upon KD.
| Module | Dir | NES | #gRNA | padj | Bind | OR | padj (bind) |
|---|
| Submodule | Module | Dir | NES | #gRNA | Bind | OR | padj (bind) |
|---|
Genes likely regulated by PSMA1 through linked binding evidence in open chromatin. The chart ranks TF-linked genes by their mean Perturb-seq response to PSMA1 knockdown, with negative coefficients indicating downregulation and positive coefficients indicating upregulation upon knockdown.
Open chromatin elements (ATAC-seq) where PSMA1 has ChIP-seq or motif footprint binding evidence and which are linked to at least one target gene region.
| Element | Size | Linked genes |
|---|
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for PSMA1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = PSMA1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of PSMA1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr11:14,357,756–14,359,493 | 161.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 664 | |
| chr11:14,380,905–14,381,570 | 139.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 501 | |
| chr11:14,499,208–14,500,395 | 20.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 813 | |
| chr11:14,519,723–14,521,072 | 47 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1010 | |
| chr11:14,643,085–14,645,138 | 123.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 880 | |
| chr11:14,791,132–14,791,866 | 271.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 119 | |
| chr11:14,890,942–14,892,679 | 371.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 910 | |
| chr11:14,904,700–14,906,451 | 385.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 355 |
Genomic view of the PSMA1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.