Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPS34. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPS34 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPS34, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr16:1,474,566–1,475,411 | 298.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 915 | |
| chr16:1,492,797–1,493,962 | 279.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome HiCAR | 710 | |
| chr16:1,610,035–1,611,264 | 162.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 745 | |
| chr16:1,611,870–1,612,834 | 160.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 718 | |
| chr16:1,677,899–1,679,024 | 95.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 709 | |
| chr16:1,705,380–1,706,702 | 67.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 933 | |
| chr16:1,763,511–1,764,353 | 9.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 261 | |
| chr16:1,770,847–1,771,973 | 1.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 485 | |
| chr16:1,772,565–1,774,049 | 242 bp | At TSS Multiome | 956 | |
| chr16:1,781,749–1,783,420 | 9.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 761 | |
| chr16:1,826,102–1,827,535 | 53.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1006 | |
| chr16:1,918,171–1,918,773 | 145.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 129 | |
| chr16:1,929,283–1,930,271 | 156.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 780 | |
| chr16:1,942,671–1,943,761 | 170.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 750 | |
| chr16:1,958,923–1,960,140 | 186.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 826 | |
| chr16:1,964,300–1,965,434 | 191.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 933 | |
| chr16:1,971,481–1,972,435 | 198.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1010 | |
| chr16:1,979,111–1,980,324 | 206.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 296 | |
| chr16:1,983,450–1,984,851 | 210.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 917 | |
| chr16:1,989,307–1,993,568 | 219.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 706 | |
| chr16:2,003,882–2,004,348 | 230.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 619 | |
| chr16:2,009,742–2,010,504 | 236.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 752 | |
| chr16:2,022,700–2,023,923 | 250.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 682 | |
| chr16:2,026,629–2,027,149 | 253.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 249 | |
| chr16:2,047,366–2,048,252 | 274.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 875 |
Genomic view of the MRPS34 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.