Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for MRPL44. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = MRPL44 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of MRPL44, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr2:223,723,416–223,724,371 | 233.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 239 | |
| chr2:223,836,841–223,838,450 | 119.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 742 | |
| chr2:223,944,141–223,945,550 | 12.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1001 | |
| chr2:223,947,302–223,948,205 | 9.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 107 | |
| chr2:223,952,061–223,952,791 | 5.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 152 | |
| chr2:223,956,992–223,957,891 | 77 bp | At TSS Multiome | 1093 | |
| chr2:223,961,034–223,961,258 | 3.6 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 7 | |
| chr2:224,026,729–224,027,840 | 69.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 186 | |
| chr2:224,038,254–224,040,391 | 82.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 665 | |
| chr2:224,088,581–224,089,375 | 131.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 58 | |
| chr2:224,091,133–224,092,389 | 134.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 112 | |
| chr2:224,157,497–224,159,399 | 200.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 160 |
Genomic view of the MRPL44 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.