Retention of resident soluble proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is achieved in both yeast and animal cells by their continual retrieval from the cis-Golgi, or a pre-Golgi compartment. Sorting of these proteins is dependent on a C-terminal tetrapeptide signal, usually lys-asp-glu-leu (KDEL) in animal cells, and his-asp-glu-leu (HDEL) in S. cerevisiae. This process is mediated by a receptor that recognizes, and binds the tetrapeptide-containing protein, and returns it to the ER. In yeast, the sorting receptor encoded by a single gene, ERD2, which is a seven-transmembrane protein. Unlike yeast, several human homologs of the ERD2 gene, constituting the KDEL receptor gene family, have been described. The protein encoded by this gene was the first member of the family to be identified, and it encodes a protein structurally and functionally similar to the yeast ERD2 gene product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for KDELR1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = KDELR1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of KDELR1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr19:48,169,480–48,171,282 | 221.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 950 | |
| chr19:48,203,709–48,204,551 | 187.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 741 | |
| chr19:48,271,198–48,272,050 | 120.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 562 | |
| chr19:48,290,181–48,291,716 | 100.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 666 | |
| chr19:48,320,062–48,322,328 | 70.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 826 | |
| chr19:48,330,094–48,330,787 | 61.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 460 | |
| chr19:48,332,701–48,333,506 | 58.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 615 | |
| chr19:48,333,584–48,334,372 | 57.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 554 | |
| chr19:48,363,062–48,364,710 | 27.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 940 | |
| chr19:48,390,663–48,391,935 | 80 bp | At TSS Multiome | 816 | |
| chr19:48,393,636–48,394,171 | 2.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 255 | |
| chr19:48,397,916–48,399,301 | 7.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 619 | |
| chr19:48,399,411–48,400,900 | 9.1 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 548 | |
| chr19:48,414,121–48,416,085 | 24.0 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 298 | |
| chr19:48,445,379–48,446,456 | 54.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 845 | |
| chr19:48,468,758–48,470,027 | 77.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 860 | |
| chr19:48,490,661–48,494,449 | 99.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 633 | |
| chr19:48,500,898–48,503,050 | 110.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 656 | |
| chr19:48,510,624–48,511,212 | 119.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 268 | |
| chr19:48,513,480–48,514,294 | 122.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 585 | |
| chr19:48,614,318–48,615,255 | 223.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 524 | |
| chr19:48,618,726–48,619,869 | 227.8 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1012 | |
| chr19:48,623,839–48,624,688 | 232.7 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 529 | |
| chr19:48,629,369–48,631,306 | 238.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 402 | |
| chr19:48,634,242–48,636,244 | 244.2 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 868 | |
| chr19:48,636,802–48,639,603 | 246.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 956 | |
| chr19:48,645,454–48,647,163 | 255.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 750 | |
| chr19:48,675,421–48,675,873 | 284.1 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 415 |
Genomic view of the KDELR1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.