GCDH

glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase | ACAD5, GCD

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The enzyme exists in the mitochondrial matrix as a homotetramer of 45-kD subunits. Mutations in this gene result in the metabolic disorder glutaric aciduria type 1, which is also known as glutaric acidemia type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

Member of: DE-6

Biological processes 26 terms

L-lysine catabolic process (GO:0019477)L-lysine catabolic process (GO:0019477)L-tryptophan metabolic process (GO:0006568)acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (GO:0003995)acyl-CoA metabolic process (GO:0006637)fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GO:0033539)fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GO:0033539)fatty acid oxidation (GO:0019395)fatty-acyl-CoA binding (GO:0000062)fatty-acyl-CoA binding (GO:0000062)fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:0046949)fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:0046949)flavin adenine dinucleotide binding (GO:0050660)flavin adenine dinucleotide binding (GO:0050660)glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (GO:0004361)glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (GO:0004361)glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (GO:0004361)mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)mitochondrion (GO:0005739)nucleus (GO:0005634)oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors (GO:0016627)

Expression (TPM)

TFs regulating GCDH 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for GCDH. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = GCDH upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

TF	Mean coef	Binding	Outlier	TF→Gene link

Rows:

Elements linked to GCDH

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of GCDH, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Element	Dist. to TSS	Link type	TFs
chr19:12,610,516–12,611,613	280.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	925
chr19:12,639,899–12,640,614	250.9 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	454
chr19:12,647,538–12,648,022	243.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	126
chr19:12,656,871–12,657,566	234.0 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	254
chr19:12,666,317–12,667,225	224.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	495
chr19:12,669,351–12,669,939	221.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	777
chr19:12,681,003–12,682,117	209.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	994
chr19:12,696,035–12,696,970	194.5 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	806
chr19:12,702,968–12,703,602	187.9 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	121
chr19:12,721,692–12,723,084	168.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	807
chr19:12,723,726–12,724,142	167.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	539
chr19:12,734,221–12,735,284	156.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	882
chr19:12,736,470–12,737,780	154.0 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	742
chr19:12,757,454–12,758,297	133.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	588
chr19:12,765,876–12,766,545	124.9 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	557
chr19:12,774,659–12,776,025	115.8 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	803
chr19:12,777,481–12,778,589	113.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	661
chr19:12,782,418–12,783,038	108.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	699
chr19:12,789,543–12,790,654	101.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	717
chr19:12,790,960–12,793,231	99.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	1015
chr19:12,793,340–12,794,240	97.5 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	808
chr19:12,801,120–12,802,290	89.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	901
chr19:12,806,212–12,806,984	84.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	827
chr19:12,825,565–12,826,186	65.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	436
chr19:12,832,484–12,833,101	58.5 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	970
chr19:12,833,638–12,834,477	57.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	310
chr19:12,838,114–12,838,869	52.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	377
chr19:12,840,071–12,841,485	50.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	391
chr19:12,847,633–12,848,090	43.4 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	535
chr19:12,867,327–12,868,022	23.5 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	315
chr19:12,872,968–12,873,990	17.8 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	263
chr19:12,880,834–12,881,875	9.7 kb	Proximal (<10kb) Multiome	656
chr19:12,884,836–12,886,381	5.8 kb	Proximal (<10kb) Multiome	717
chr19:12,890,614–12,891,603	151 bp	At TSS Multiome	841
chr19:12,913,054–12,913,584	22.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	373
chr19:12,919,018–12,919,719	28.2 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	732
chr19:12,933,441–12,934,086	42.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	789
chr19:12,937,426–12,939,166	47.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	943
chr19:12,945,275–12,946,647	54.8 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	1015
chr19:12,956,801–12,957,360	66.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	747
chr19:12,964,998–12,965,862	74.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	733
chr19:12,983,506–12,983,997	92.5 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	688
chr19:13,051,485–13,052,169	160.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	649
chr19:13,061,195–13,061,672	170.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	544
chr19:13,069,469–13,070,306	178.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	334
chr19:13,093,620–13,094,260	202.8 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	411
chr19:13,095,079–13,096,870	204.3 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	501
chr19:13,102,495–13,103,074	211.7 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	606
chr19:13,116,411–13,117,080	225.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	812
chr19:13,117,979–13,119,416	227.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	699
chr19:13,149,468–13,156,577	259.1 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	1333
chr19:13,162,579–13,165,523	273.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	1112
chr19:13,167,359–13,168,023	276.6 kb	Distal (>10kb) Multiome	764

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the GCDH locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.