Many different human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are expressed in normal placental tissue at high levels, suggesting that HERVs are functionally important in reproduction. This gene is part of an HERV provirus on chromosome 7 that has inactivating mutations in the gag and pol genes. This gene is the envelope glycoprotein gene which appears to have been selectively preserved. The gene's protein product is expressed in the placental syncytiotrophoblast and is involved in fusion of the cytotrophoblast cells to form the syncytial layer of the placenta. The protein has the characteristics of a typical retroviral envelope protein, including a furin cleavage site that separates the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) proteins which form a heterodimer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]
Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for ERVW-1. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = ERVW-1 upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.
| TF | Mean coef | Binding | Outlier | TF→Gene link |
|---|
Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of ERVW-1, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.
| Accessibility | Element | Dist. to TSS | Link type | TFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| chr7:92,178,862–92,179,934 | 298.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 612 | |
| chr7:92,245,288–92,246,980 | 231.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 964 | |
| chr7:92,424,381–92,424,856 | 53.4 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 634 | |
| chr7:92,447,026–92,448,601 | 30.5 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 973 | |
| chr7:92,476,019–92,476,499 | 1.5 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 6 | |
| chr7:92,479,300–92,479,564 | 1.3 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 12 | |
| chr7:92,483,511–92,484,016 | 5.8 kb | Proximal (<10kb) Multiome | 84 | |
| chr7:92,484,734–92,485,610 | 6.7 kb | Proximal (<10kb) | 50 | |
| chr7:92,527,585–92,529,221 | 50.6 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 921 | |
| chr7:92,589,648–92,590,940 | 112.3 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 1025 | |
| chr7:92,608,546–92,609,216 | 130.9 kb | Distal (>10kb) Multiome | 301 |
Genomic view of the ERVW-1 locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.