APOB
apolipoprotein B | ApoB-100

This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins (LDL), and is the ligand for the LDL receptor. It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019]

Biological processes 66 terms
cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus (GO:0071402)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)cholesterol homeostasis (GO:0042632)cholesterol metabolic process (GO:0008203)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)cholesterol transfer activity (GO:0120020)cholesterol transport (GO:0030301)cholesterol transport (GO:0030301)chylomicron (GO:0042627)chylomicron remnant (GO:0034360)clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane (GO:0030669)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytoplasm (GO:0005737)cytosol (GO:0005829)cytosol (GO:0005829)early endosome (GO:0005769)endocytic vesicle lumen (GO:0071682)endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)endoplasmic reticulum exit site (GO:0070971)endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788)endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789)endosome lumen (GO:0031904)endosome membrane (GO:0010008)extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)extracellular region (GO:0005576)foam cell differentiation (GO:0090077)heparin binding (GO:0008201)intermediate-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034363)intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231)lipase binding (GO:0035473)lipid carrier activity (GO:0005319)lipid droplet (GO:0005811)lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)lipid transport (GO:0006869)lipoprotein transport (GO:0042953)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034362)low-density lipoprotein particle clearance (GO:0034383)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding (GO:0050750)low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling (GO:0034374)lysosomal lumen (GO:0043202)mature chylomicron (GO:0034359)mature chylomicron (GO:0034359)neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)phospholipid binding (GO:0005543)plasma membrane (GO:0005886)positive regulation of cholesterol storage (GO:0010886)positive regulation of lipid storage (GO:0010884)positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation (GO:0010744)protein binding (GO:0005515)receptor ligand activity (GO:0048018)response to virus (GO:0009615)signal transduction (GO:0007165)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005790)triglyceride mobilization (GO:0006642)very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361)very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361)very-low-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034361)very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly (GO:0034379)
Expression (TPM)
APOB — as a Regulated Gene

TFs regulating APOB 0 TFs

Transcription factors with Perturb-seq knockdown data for APOB. The Binding column indicates whether any binding evidence exists for this TF–gene pair (ChIP-seq or motif footprint peaks). The Mean coef is the average Perturb-seq regression coefficient across active gRNAs (positive = APOB upregulated upon KD; negative = downregulated). The Outlier column indicates whether this gene is in the top or bottom 5% of all TF knockdown effects.

Data: Effect:
TF Mean coef Binding Outlier TF→Gene link

Elements linked to APOB

Open chromatin peaks (ATAC-seq) in the genomic neighbourhood of APOB, linked by TSS proximity or chromatin conformation (Multiome / HiCAR). Each element overlaps at least one TF ChIP-seq binding site — the TFs column shows how many distinct TFs bind that element.

Accessibility Element Dist. to TSS Link type TFs
chr2:21,042,709–21,044,583 at TSS At TSS 943
chr2:21,046,599–21,046,795 2.6 kb Proximal (<10kb) 10

Genome Browser

Genomic view of the APOB locus showing ATAC-seq accessibility and RNA-seq expression across the ESC → DE time course, together with TF binding peaks and element-to-TSS loop connections.

chr2:21,032,709 – 21,056,795
Proximal 1 kb Distal 10 kb Multiome HiCAR ATAC-seq RNA-seq